- AWS_Cover_Colour
- AWS_D1.1M_Final [Go to Page]
- Cover page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
- Personnel
- Foreword
- Table of Contents
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- 1. General Requirements [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Scope
- 1.2 Standard Units of Measurement
- 1.3 Safety Precautions
- 1.4 Limitations
- 1.5 Responsibilities
- 1.6 Approval
- 1.7 Mandatory and Nonmandatory Provisions
- 1.8 Welding Symbols
- 2. Normative References
- 3. Terms and Definitions
- 4. Design of Welded Connections [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Scope
- 4.2 General
- 4.3 Contract Plans and Specifications
- 4.4 Effective Areas
- 4.5 General
- 4.6 Stresses
- 4.7 Joint Configuration and Details
- 4.8 Joint Configuration and Details—Groove Welds
- 4.9 Joint Configuration and Details—Fillet Welded Joints
- 4.10 Joint Configuration and Details—Plug and Slot Welds
- 4.11 Filler Plates
- 4.12 Built-Up Members
- 4.13 General
- 4.14 Limitations
- 4.15 Calculation of Stresses
- 4.16 Allowable Stresses and Stress Ranges
- 4.17 Detailing, Fabrication, and Erection
- 4.18 Prohibited Joints and Welds
- 4.19 Inspection
- 5. Prequalification of WPSs [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Scope
- 5.2 General WPS Requirements
- 5.3 Base Metal
- 5.4 Weld Joints
- 5.5 Welding Processes
- 5.6 Filler Metal and Shielding Gas
- 5.7 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements
- 5.8 WPS Requirements
- 5.9 Postweld Heat Treatment
- 6. Qualification [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Scope
- 6.2 General
- 6.3 Common Requirements for WPS and Welding Personnel Performance Qualification
- 6.4 Production Welding Positions Qualified
- 6.5 Type of Qualification Tests
- 6.6 Weld Types for WPS Qualification
- 6.7 Preparation of WPS
- 6.8 Essential Variables
- 6.9 WPS Requirements for Production Welding Using Existing Non-Waveform or Waveform WPSs
- 6.10 Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for WPS Qualification
- 6.11 CJP Groove Welds
- 6.12 PJP Groove Welds
- 6.13 Fillet Welds
- 6.14 Plug and Slot Welds
- 6.15 Welding Processes Requiring Qualification
- 6.16 General
- 6.17 Type of Qualification Tests Required
- 6.18 Weld Types for Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualification
- 6.19 Preparation of Performance Qualification Forms
- 6.20 Essential Variables
- 6.21 CJP Groove Welds for Nontubular Connections
- 6.22 Extent of Qualification
- 6.23 Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Welder and Welding Operator Qualification
- 6.24 Method of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Tack Welder Qualification
- 6.25 Retest
- 6.26 General: CVN Testing
- 6.27 CVN Tests
- 6.28 Combining FCAW-S with Other Welding Processes in a Single Joint
- 6.29 Reporting
- 7. Fabrication [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Scope
- 7.2 Base Metal
- 7.3 Welding Consumables and Electrode Requirements
- 7.4 ESW and EGW Processes
- 7.5 WPS Variables
- 7.6 Preheat and Interpass Temperatures
- 7.7 Heat Input Control for Quenched and Tempered Steels
- 7.8 Stress-Relief Heat Treatment
- 7.9 Backing
- 7.10 Welding and Cutting Equipment
- 7.11 Welding Environment
- 7.12 Conformance with Design
- 7.13 Minimum Fillet Weld Sizes
- 7.14 Preparation of Base Metal
- 7.15 Reentrant Corners
- 7.16 Weld Access Holes, Beam Copes, and Connection Material
- 7.17 Tack Welds and Construction Aid Welds
- 7.18 Camber in Built-Up Members
- 7.19 Splices
- 7.20 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage
- 7.21 Tolerance of Joint Dimensions
- 7.22 Dimensional Tolerance of Welded Structural Members
- 7.23 Weld Profiles
- 7.24 Technique for Plug and Slot Welds
- 7.25 Repairs
- 7.26 Peening
- 7.27 Caulking
- 7.28 Arc Strikes
- 7.29 Weld Cleaning
- 7.30 Weld Tabs (See 7.2.2)
- 8. Inspection [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Scope
- 8.2 Inspection of Materials and Equipment
- 8.3 Inspection of WPSs
- 8.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications
- 8.5 Inspection of Work and Records
- 8.6 Obligations of the Contractor
- 8.7 Scope
- 8.8 Engineer’s Approval for Alternate Acceptance Criteria
- 8.9 Visual Inspection
- 8.10 Penetrant Testing (PT) and Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
- 8.11 Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
- 8.12 Radiographic Testing (RT)
- 8.13 Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
- 8.14 Procedures
- 8.15 Extent of Testing
- 8.16 RT of Groove Welds in Butt Joints
- 8.17 RT Procedures
- 8.18 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs
- 8.19 General
- 8.20 Qualification Requirements
- 8.21 UT Equipment
- 8.22 Reference Standards
- 8.23 Equipment Qualification
- 8.24 Calibration for Testing
- 8.25 Testing Procedures
- 8.26 Preparation and Disposition of Reports
- 8.27 Calibration of the UT Unit with IIW Type or Other Approved Reference Blocks (Annex G)
- 8.28 Equipment Qualification Procedures
- 8.29 Discontinuity Size Evaluation Procedures
- 8.30 Scanning Patterns (See Figure 8.15)
- 8.31 Examples of dB Accuracy Certification
- 8.32 General Requirements
- 8.33 Radiation Imaging Systems
- 8.34 Advanced Ultrasonic Systems
- 8.35 Additional Requirements
- 9. Stud Welding [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Scope
- 9.2 General Requirements
- 9.3 Mechanical Requirements
- 9.4 Workmanship/Fabrication
- 9.5 Technique
- 9.6 Stud Application Qualification Requirements
- 9.7 Production Control
- 9.8 Fabrication and Verification Inspection Requirements
- 9.9 Manufacturers’ Stud Base Qualification Requirements
- 10. Tubular Structures [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Scope
- 10.2 Design Criteria
- 10.3 Identification and Parts of Tubular Connections
- 10.4 Symbols
- 10.5 Weld Design
- 10.6 Thickness Transition
- 10.7 Material Limitations
- 10.8 Fillet Weld Requirements
- 10.9 PJP Requirements
- 10.10 CJP Groove Weld Requirements
- 10.11 Common Requirements for WPS and Welding Personnel Performance Qualification
- 10.12 Production Welding Positions Qualified
- 10.13 Type of Qualification Tests, Methods of Testing, and Acceptance Criteria for WPS Qualification
- 10.14 CJP Groove Welds for Tubular Connections
- 10.15 PJP and Fillet Welds Tubular T-, Y-, or K-Connections and Butt Joints
- 10.16 Production Welding Positions, Thicknesses, and Diameters Qualified
- 10.17 Weld Types for Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualification
- 10.18 CJP Groove Welds for Tubular Connections
- 10.19 PJP Groove Welds for Tubular Connections
- 10.20 Fillet Welds for Tubular Connections
- 10.21 Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Welder and Welding Operator Qualification
- 10.22 Backing
- 10.23 Tolerance of Joint Dimensions
- 10.24 Visual Inspection
- 10.25 NDT
- 10.26 UT
- 10.27 RT Procedures
- 10.28 Supplementary RT Requirements for Tubular Connections
- 10.29 UT of Tubular T-, Y-, and K-Connections
- 11. Strengthening and Repair of Existing Structures [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Scope
- 11.2 General
- 11.3 Base Metal
- 11.4 Design for Strengthening and Repair
- 11.5 Fatigue Life Enhancement
- 11.6 Workmanship and Technique
- 11.7 Quality
- Annexes [Go to Page]
- Annex A (Normative)Effective Throats of Fillet Welds in Skewed T-Joints
- Annex B (Normative)Guideline on Alternative Methods for Determining Preheat
- Annex D (Normative)Temperature-Moisture Content Charts
- Annex E (Normative)Flatness of Girder Webs—Statically Loaded Structures
- Annex F (Normative)Flatness of Girder Webs—Cyclically Loaded Structures
- Annex G (Normative) Qualification and Calibration of UT Units with Other Approved Reference Blocks
- Annex H (Normative) Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)
- Annex I (Normative) Symbols for Tubular Connection Weld Design
- Annex J (Informative) Sample Welding Forms
- Annex K (Informative) Contents of Prequalified WPS
- Annex L (Informative) Filler Metal Strength Properties
- Annex M (Informative) AWS A5.36 Filler Metal Classifications and Properties
- Annex N (Informative) Guide for Specification Writers
- Annex O (Informative) UT Examination of Welds by Alternative Techniques
- Annex P (Informative) UT Equipment Qualification and Inspection Forms
- Annex Q (Informative) Local Dihedral Angle
- Annex R (Informative) Preliminary Design Circular Tube Connections
- Annex S (Informative) List of Reference Documents
- Annex T (Informative) Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries for the Structural Welding Committee
- Commentary on Structural Welding Code—Steel
- List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding
- Index
- AWS_Back Cover_Colour [Go to Page]