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eLibrary > AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020 Bridge Welding Code >

AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020 Bridge Welding Code, 2020

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Cover page
Title page
Abstract
Copyright page
Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
Personnel
Foreword
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Forms
Bridge Welding Code
1. General Provisions [Go to Page]
1.1 Application
1.2 Base Metal
1.3 Welding Processes
1.4 Fabricator Requirements
1.5 Definitions
1.6 Welding Symbols
1.7 Safety Precautions
1.8 Standard Units of Measurement
1.9 Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs)
1.10 Mechanical Testing
1.11 Reference Documents
2. Normative References
3. Terms and Definitions
4. Design of Welded Connections [Go to Page]
Part A General Requirements
4.1 Drawings
4.2 Basic Unit Stresses
4.3 Effective Weld Areas, Lengths, Throats, and Sizes
Part B Structural Details
4.4 General
4.5 Welded Filler Plates
4.6 PJP Groove Welds
Part C Details of Welded Joints
4.7 Joint Qualification
4.8 Details of Fillet Welds
4.9 Details of Plug and Slot Welds
4.10 Lap Joints
4.11 Corner and T-Joints
4.12 CJP Groove Welds
4.13 PJP Groove Welds (see Figure 4.5)
4.14 Prohibited Types of Joints and Welds
4.15 Combinations of Welds
4.16 Welds in Combination with Rivets and Bolts
4.17 Connection Details
5. Workmanship [Go to Page]
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Preparation of Base Metal
5.3 Assembly
5.4 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage
5.5 Dimensional Tolerances
5.6 Weld Profiles
5.7 Repairs
5.8 Peening
5.9 Caulking
5.10 Arc Strikes
5.11 Weld Cleaning
5.12 Weld Termination
5.13 Weld Backing
6. Technique [Go to Page]
Part A General Requirements
6.1 Filler Metal Requirements
6.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements
6.3 Heat Input Control for Grade HPS 690W [HPS 100W] Steel
6.4 Stress Relief Heat Treatment
Part B Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
6.5 Electrodes for SMAW
6.6 Procedures for SMAW
Part C Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
6.7 General Requirements
6.8 Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW
6.9 Procedures for SAW with a Single Electrode
6.10 Procedures for SAW with Parallel and Multiple Electrodes
Part D Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
6.11 GMAW/FCAW Electrodes
6.12 Shielding Gas
6.13 Procedures for GMAW and FCAW with a Single Electrode
Part E Electrogas Welding (EGW)
6.14 Qualification of Process, WPSs, and Joint Details
6.15 Condition of Electrodes and Guide Tubes
6.16 Shielding Gas
6.17 Procedures for EGW
Part F Electroslag Welding (ESW)
6.18 Qualification of Process, WPSs, and Joint Details
6.19 Condition of Electrodes and Consumable Guides
6.20 Condition of Flux
6.21 Consumable Guide Electrical Insulators
6.22 Procedures for ESW
Part G Plug and Slot Welds
6.23 Plug Welds
6.24 Slot Welds
6.25 Plug and Slot Welds
Part H Control of Production Welding Variables
6.26 Tests
6.27 Control of Variables
6.28 Calibration of Equipment
6.29 Current Control
7. Qualification [Go to Page]
7.0 Scope
Part A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) Qualification
7.1 Approval
7.2 Qualification Responsibility
7.3 Duration
7.4 Base Metal
7.5 Welding Consumables
7.6 Test Plate Thickness
7.7 General Requirements for WPS Qualification
7.8 Position of Test Welds
7.9 Options for WPS Qualification or Prequalification
7.10 Fillet Weld WPS Qualification
7.11 Prequalified WPS
7.12 Heat Input Qualifications
7.13 Electrogas Welding
7.14 Electroslag Welding
7.15 Type of Tests and Purpose
7.16 Weld Specimens—Number, Type, and Preparation
7.17 Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
7.18 Method of Testing Specimens
7.19 Test Results Required
7.20 Retests
Part B Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualification
7.21 General Requirements
7.22 Production Welding Positions Qualified
7.23 Qualification Tests Required
7.24 Limitations of Variables
7.25 Test Specimens: Number, Type, and Preparation
7.26 Method of Testing Specimens
7.27 Test Results Required
7.28 Retests
8. Inspection [Go to Page]
Part A General Requirements
8.1 General
8.2 Inspection of Materials
8.3 Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment
8.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications
8.5 Inspection of Work and Records
8.6 Obligations of the Contractor
8.7 Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
Part B Radiographic Testing (RT) of Groove Welds in Butt Joints
8.8 Extent of Testing
8.10 RT Procedure
8.11 Acceptability of Welds
8.12 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs
Part C Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of Groove Welds
8.13 General
8.14 Extent of Testing
8.15 UT Equipment
8.16 Reference Standards
8.17 Equipment Qualification
8.18 Calibration for Testing
8.19 Testing Procedures
8.20 Preparation and Disposition of Reports
8.21 Calibration of the UT Unit With IIW or Other Approved Reference Blocks
8.22 Equipment Qualification Procedures
8.23 Discontinuity Size Evaluation Procedures
8.24 Scanning Patterns
8.25 Examples of dB Accuracy Certification
Part D Weld Acceptance Criteria
8.26 Quality of Welds
9. Stud Welding [Go to Page]
9.1 Scope
9.2 General Requirements
9.3 Mechanical Requirements
9.4 Workmanship
9.5 Technique
9.6 Stud Application Qualification Requirements
9.7 Production Control
9.8 Inspection Requirements
10. Tubular Structures
11. Strengthening and Repairing Existing Structures
12. AASHTO/AWS Fracture Control Plan (FCP) for Nonredundant Members [Go to Page]
12.1 General Provisions
12.2 Definitions
12.3 Contract Documents
12.4 Base Metal Requirements
12.5 Welding Processes
12.6 Consumable Requirements
12.7 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
12.8 Certification and Qualification
12.9 As-Received Inspection of Base Metal
12.10 Thermal Cutting
12.11 Repair of Base Metal
12.12 Straightening, Curving, and Cambering
12.13 Tack Welds and Temporary Welds
12.14 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Control
12.15 Postweld Thermal Treatments
12.16 Weld Inspection
12.17 Repair Welding
Annexes Normative Information
Informative Information
Annex A (Normative) Effective Throat
Annex B (Normative) Effective Throats of Fillet Welds in Skewed T-Joints
Annex C (Normative) Flatness of Girder Webs—Bridges
Annex D (Normative) Manufacturer’s Stud Base Qualification Requirements [Go to Page]
D1. Purpose
D2. Responsibility for Tests
D3. Extent of Qualification
D4. Duration of Qualification
D5. Preparation of Specimens
D6. Number of Test Specimens
D7. Tests
D8. Retests
D9. Acceptance
D10. Manufacturer’s Qualification Test Data
Annex E (Normative) [Go to Page]
Part A Qualification and Calibration of the UT Unit with Other Approved Reference Blocks (see Figure 8.5B)
E1. Longitudinal Mode
E2. Shear Wave Mode (Transverse)
E3. Horizontal Linearity Procedure
Part B UT Equipment Qualification Procedures
Annex F (Normative) Guidelines on Alternative Methods for Determining Preheat [Go to Page]
F1. Introduction
F2. Methods
F3. HAZ Hardness Control
F4. Hydrogen Control
F5. Selection of Method
F6. Detailed Computation Guide
F6.2 Hydrogen Control Method
Annex G (Normative) Welding Requirements for Conventional, Nonfracture Critical AASHTO M 270M/M 270 (A709/A709M) HPS 485W [HPS 70W] Components with Reduced Preheat and Interpass Temperature [Go to Page]
G1. Purpose
G2. Filler Metal Requirements
G3. Additional NDT Testing Requirement
G4. WPS
Annex H (Normative) ESW Consumable Requirements [Go to Page]
H1. Electrode
H2. Consumable Guide
H3. Flux Moisture Content
Annex I (Normative) Guidelines for the Acceptance of Alternative ESW Processes
Annex J (Normative) Advanced Ultrasonic Examination [Go to Page]
J1. Introduction
J2. Scope
J3. Definitions
J4. Personnel Requirements.
J5. Equipment
J6. Equipment Qualification
J7. Scan Plans
J8. Calibration for Testing
J8.1 Straight Beam Calibration.
J8.2 Shear Wave Calibration
J9. Examination Procedure
J10. Evaluation
J11. Data Analysis
J12. Data Management
J13. Documentation and Reporting
J14. System Linearity Verification
J14.2 Display Height Linearity Verification Procedure
J14.3 Amplitude Control Linearity Verification Procedure
J14.4 Time-Based Linearity (Horizontal Linearity) Verification Procedure
J15. Background References
Annex K (Informative) Weld Quality Requirements for Tension Joints
Annex L (Informative) Description of Common Weld and Base Metal Discontinuities (Reprinted with modification from New York State Steel Construction Manual) [Go to Page]
L1. General
L2. List of Discontinuities
Annex M (Informative) Short Circuiting Transfer
Annex N Suggested Sample Welding Forms
Annex O (Informative) Guide for Use of Electroslag Welding—Narrow Gap (ESW-NG) [Go to Page]
O1. General
O2. Background Documents
O3. Definitions
O4. Process Description
O5. Equipment
O6. Electrodes and Flux
O7. Sumps and Run-off Tabs
O8. Base Metals
O9. Joint Design
O10. Assembly and Alignment
O11. Application Restrictions
O12. Process Variables
O13. Inspection
O14. Repair
O15. Qualifications
O16. Weld Quality
O17. Troubleshooting Guide
Annex P Requesting an Official Interpretation of a Joint AASHTO/AWS Standard [Go to Page]
P1. Introduction
P2. Limitations
P3. General Procedure for all Requests
P4. AWS Policy on Interpretations
P5. AWS Response to Requests
P6. Telephone Inquiries
Commentary on Bridge Welding Code
Foreword
Commentary on Bridge Welding Code
C-1. General Provisions [Go to Page]
C-1.1 Application
C-1.2 Base Metal
C-1.3 Welding Processes
C-1.8 Standard Units of Measurement
C-1.9 Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs)
C-1.10 Mechanical Testing
C-4. Design of Welded Connections [Go to Page]
Part A General Requirements
C-4.1 Drawings
C-4.2 Basic Unit Stresses
C-4.3 Effective Weld Areas, Lengths, Throats, and Sizes
Part B Structural Details
C-4.4 General
C-4.5 Welded Filler Plates
C-4.6 PJP Groove Welds
Part C Details of Welded Joints
C-4.7 Joint Qualification
C-4.8 Details of Fillet Welds
C-4.9 Details of Plug and Slot Welds
C-4.10 Lap Joints
C-4.11 Corner and T-Joints
C-4.12 CJP Groove Welds
C-4.13 PJP Groove Welds
C-4.14 Prohibited Types of Joints and Welds
C-4.15 Combinations of Welds
C-4.16 Welds in Combination with Rivets and Bolts
C-4.17 Connection Details
C-5 Workmanship [Go to Page]
C-5.1 General Requirements
C-5.2 Preparation of Base Metal
C-5.3 Assembly
C-5.4 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage
C-5.5 Dimensional Tolerances
C-5.6 Weld Profiles
C-5.7 Repairs
C-5.8 Peening
C-5.9 Caulking
C-5.10 Arc Strikes
C-5.11 Weld Cleaning
C-5.12 Weld Termination
C-5.13 Weld Backing
C-6. Technique. [Go to Page]
Part A General Requirements
C-6.1 Filler Metal Requirements
C-6.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements
C-6.3 Heat Input Control for Grade HPS 690W [HPS 100W] Steel
C-6.4 Stress Relief Heat Treatment
Part B Shielded Metal Arc Welding
C-6.5 Electrodes For SMAW
C-6.6 Procedures for SMAW
Part C Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
C-6.7 General Requirements
C-6.8 Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW
C-6.9 Procedures for Submerged Arc Welding with a Single Electrode
C-6.10 Procedures for SAW with Parallel and Multiple Electrodes
Part D Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
C-6.11 GMAW/FCAW Electrodes
C-6.12 Shielding Gas
C-6.13 Procedures for GMAW and FCAW with a Single Electrode
C-6.20 Condition of Flux. See Annex O.
C-6.21 Consumable Guide Electrical Insulators. See Annex O.
Part G Plug and Slot Welds
C-6.23 Plug Welds
C-6.24 Slot Welds
C-6.25 Plug and Slot Welds
Part H Control of Production Welding Variables
C-6.27 Control of Variables
C-6.28 Calibration of Equipment
C-6.29 Current Control
C-7. Qualification [Go to Page]
Introduction
C-7.0 Scope
Part A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) Qualification
C-7.1 Approval
C-7.2 Qualification Responsibility
C-7.3 Duration
C-7.4 Base Metal
C-7.5 Welding Consumables
C-7.6 Test Plate Thickness
C-7.7 General Requirements for WPS Qualification
C-7.8 Position of Test Welds
C-7.9 Options for WPS Qualification or Prequalification
C-7.10 Fillet Weld WPS Qualification
C-7.11 Prequalified WPS
C-7.12 Heat Input Qualifications
C-7.13 Electrogas Welding
C-7.14 Electroslag Welding
C-7.15 Type of Tests and Purpose
C-7.17 Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
C-7.18 Method of Testing Specimens
C-7.19 Test Results Required
Part B Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualification
C-7.21 General Requirements.
C-7.24 Limitations of Variables
C-7.26 Method of Testing Specimens
C-7.28 Retests.
C-8. Inspection [Go to Page]
Part A General Requirements
C-8.1 General
C-8.2 Inspection of Materials
C-8.3 Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment
C-8.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications
C-8.5 Inspection of Work and Records
C-8.6 Obligations of the Contractor
C-8.7 Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
Part B Radiographic Testing (RT) of Groove Welds in Butt Joints
C-8.9 General
C-8.10 RT Procedure
C-8.11 Acceptability of Welds
C-8.12 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs
Part C Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of Groove Welds
C-8.13 General
C-8.14 Extent of Testing
C-8.15 UT Equipment
C-8.16 Reference Standards
C-8.17 Equipment Qualification
C-8.18 Calibration for Testing
C-8.19 Testing Procedures
C-8.20 Preparation and Disposition of Reports
C-8.21 Calibration of the UT Unit with IIW or Other Approved Reference Blocks
C-8.22 Equipment Qualification Procedures
C-8.23 Discontinuity Size Evaluation Procedures
C-8.24 Scanning Patterns
C-8.25 Examples of dB Accuracy Certification
Part D Weld Acceptance Criteria
C-8.26 Quality of Welds
C-9. Stud Welding [Go to Page]
C-9.1 Scope
C-9.2 General Requirements
C-9.3 Mechanical Requirements
C-9.4 Workmanship
C-9.5 Technique
C-9.6 Stud Application Qualification Requirements
C-9.7 Production Control
C-9.8 Inspection Requirements
C-12. AASHTO/AWS Fracture Control Plan (FCP) for Nonredundant Members [Go to Page]
C-12.1 General Provisions
C-12.2 Definitions
C-12.3 Contract Documents
C-12.4 Base Metal Requirements
C-12.5 Welding Processes
C-12.6 Consumable Requirements
C-12.7 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
C-12.8 Certification and Qualification
C-12.9 As-Received Inspection of Base Metal
C-12.10 Thermal Cutting
C-12.11 Repair of Base Metal
C-12.12 Straightening, Curving, and Cambering
C-12.13 Tack Welds and Temporary Welds
C-12.14 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Control
C-12.15 Postweld Thermal Treatments
C-12.16 Weld Inspection
C-12.17 Repair Welding
C-Annex G Welding Requirements for Conventional, Nonfracture Critical AASHTO M 270M/M 270 (A709/A709M) HPS 485W [HPS 70W] Components with Reduced Preheat and Interpass Temperature [Go to Page]
C-G2. Filler Metal Requirements
C-Annex H ESW Consumable Requirements
C-Annex J Advanced Ultrasonic Examination
Index [Go to Page]
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding [Go to Page]